Graphic layout designs play an essential role in visual communication. Yet handcrafting layout designs are skill-demanding, time-consuming, and non-scalable to batch production. Although generative models emerge to make design automation no longer utopian, it remains non-trivial to customize designs that comply with designers' multimodal desires, i.e., constrained by background images and driven by foreground contents. In this study, we propose \textit{LayoutDETR} that inherits the high quality and realism from generative modeling, in the meanwhile reformulating content-aware requirements as a detection problem: we learn to detect in a background image the reasonable locations, scales, and spatial relations for multimodal elements in a layout. Experiments validate that our solution yields new state-of-the-art performance for layout generation on public benchmarks and on our newly-curated ads banner dataset. For practical usage, we build our solution into a graphical system that facilitates user studies. We demonstrate that our designs attract more subjective preference than baselines by significant margins. Our code, models, dataset, graphical system, and demos are available at https://github.com/salesforce/LayoutDETR.
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The understanding capabilities of current state-of-the-art 3D models are limited by datasets with a small number of annotated data and a pre-defined set of categories. In its 2D counterpart, recent advances have shown that similar problems can be significantly alleviated by employing knowledge from other modalities, such as language. Inspired by this, leveraging multimodal information for 3D modality could be promising to improve 3D understanding under the restricted data regime, but this line of research is not well studied. Therefore, we introduce ULIP to learn a unified representation of image, text, and 3D point cloud by pre-training with object triplets from the three modalities. To overcome the shortage of training triplets, ULIP leverages a pre-trained vision-language model that has already learned a common visual and textual space by training with massive image-text pairs. Then, ULIP learns a 3D representation space aligned with the common image-text space, using a small number of automatically synthesized triplets. ULIP is agnostic to 3D backbone networks and can easily be integrated into any 3D architecture. Experiments show that ULIP effectively improves the performance of multiple recent 3D backbones by simply pre-training them on ShapeNet55 using our framework, achieving state-of-the-art performance in both standard 3D classification and zero-shot 3D classification on ModelNet40 and ScanObjectNN. ULIP also improves the performance of PointMLP by around 3% in 3D classification on ScanObjectNN, and outperforms PointCLIP by 28.8% on top-1 accuracy for zero-shot 3D classification on ModelNet40. Our code and pre-trained models will be released.
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近年来,人们对多任务学习的兴趣越来越多。在这项工作中,我们通过合并模型应在模型不应该执行的两项辅助任务的两种辅助任务和对抗性任务中,提出了多任务学习的广义概念。我们采用必要的条件分析(NCA)作为数据驱动的方法来确定这些任务应该属于哪个类别。我们的新颖拟议框架,对抗性多任务神经网络(AMT),对NCA确定的对抗性任务进行惩罚,由NCA确定为场景识别在整体视频理解(HVU)数据集中,以改善动作识别。这更颠覆了一个普遍的假设,即应始终鼓励模型在多任务学习中完成所有任务。同时,AMT仍然保留多任务学习作为现有方法的概括的所有好处,并将对象识别作为辅助任务来帮助行动识别。我们介绍了HVU的两个具有挑战性的场景不变的测试分裂,其中对模型进行了对训练中未遇到的动作场合共发生的评估。我们表明,我们的方法将准确性提高了约3%,并鼓励模型参与动作功能,而不是相关的偏见场景功能。
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数码相机的加速使用引起了人们对隐私和安全性的日益关注,尤其是在诸如行动识别之类的应用程序中。在本文中,我们提出了一个优化框架,以沿着人类行动识别管道提供强大的视觉隐私保护。我们的框架参数化了相机镜头,以成功地降低视频的质量,以抑制隐私属性并防止对抗性攻击,同时保持相关功能以进行活动识别。我们通过广泛的模拟和硬件实验来验证我们的方法。
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视频和语言预培训表明对各种下游任务有望改善。最先前的方法捕获与基于变换器的多模式编码器的跨模型交互,不完全解决单向视频和文本特征之间的错位。此外,学习细粒度的视觉语言对准通常需要离上的对象检测器来提供对象信息,这是由检测器有限的词汇和昂贵的计算成本的瓶颈。我们建议对齐和提示:一种高效有效的视频和语言预训练框架,具有更好的跨模型对齐。首先,我们介绍了一个视频文本对比(VTC)丢失,以对准实例级别的单峰视频文本功能,从而缓解跨模型交互的建模。然后,我们提出了一种新的视觉接地预训练任务,提示实体建模(PEM),旨在学习细粒度的区域实体对齐。为实现这一目标,我们首先介绍一个实体发射模块,该模块用VTC培训,以产生与实体名称实例化的视频裁剪和文本提示之间的相似性。 PEM任务然后询问模型以预测随机选择的视频作物的实体伪标签(I.E〜归一化相似度分数)。由此产生的预先训练的模型在文本 - 视频检索和VideoQ上实现了最先进的性能,通过大幅度的边距表现优于现有的工作。我们的代码和预先训练的型号将被释放。
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由于存在对象的自然时间转换,视频是一种具有自我监督学习(SSL)的丰富来源。然而,目前的方法通常是随机采样用于学习的视频剪辑,这导致监督信号差。在这项工作中,我们提出了预先使用无监督跟踪信号的SSL框架,用于选择包含相同对象的剪辑,这有助于更好地利用对象的时间变换。预先使用跟踪信号在空间上限制帧区域以学习并通过在Grad-CAM注意图上提供监督来定位模型以定位有意义的物体。为了评估我们的方法,我们在VGG-Sound和Kinetics-400数据集上培训势头对比(MOCO)编码器,预先使用预先。使用Previts的培训优于Moco在图像识别和视频分类下游任务中独自学习的表示,从而获得了行动分类的最先进的性能。预先帮助学习更强大的功能表示,以便在背景和视频数据集上进行背景和上下文更改。从大规模未婚视频中学习具有预算的大规模未能视频可能会导致更准确和强大的视觉功能表示。
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尽管对象检测方面取得了很大进展,但由于实例级边界盒注释所需的巨大人性化,大多数现有方法都仅限于一小一少量的对象类别。为了减轻问题,最近的开放词汇和零射击检测方法试图检测培训期间未见的对象类别。但是,这些方法仍然依赖于一组基类上手动提供的边界盒注释。我们提出了一个开放的词汇检测框架,可以在没有手动提供边界盒注释的情况下培训。我们的方法通过利用预先训练的视觉语言模型的本地化能力来实现这一目标,并产生可直接用于训练对象探测器的伪边界盒标签。 Coco,Pascal VOC,Objects365和LVIS的实验结果证明了我们方法的有效性。具体而言,我们的方法优于使用人类注释的边界箱训练的最先进(SOTA),即使我们的培训源未配备手动边界盒标签,也可以在COCO新型类别上用3%AP培训。在利用手动边界箱标签作为基线时,我们的方法主要超过8%的AP。
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AI正在经历范式转变,随着模型的兴起(例如Bert,Dall-E,GPT-3),这些模型经过大规模的数据训练,并且可以适应广泛的下游任务。我们称这些模型基础模型来强调其至关重要但不完整的特征。该报告提供了基础模型的机会和风险的详尽说明,包括其功能(例如语言,愿景,机器人技术,推理,人类互动)和技术原则(例如,模型架构,培训程序,数据,系统,安全,安全性,评估,理论)对其应用(例如法律,医疗保健,教育)和社会影响(例如不平等,滥用,经济和环境影响,法律和道德考虑)。尽管基础模型基于标准的深度学习和转移学习,但它们的规模导致了新的新兴能力,以及它们在许多任务中的有效性都激发了同质化。同质化提供了强大的杠杆作用,但要求谨慎,因为基础模型的缺陷均由下游的所有适应模型继承。尽管即将广泛地部署基础模型,但我们目前对它们的工作方式,失败以及由于其新兴属性的影响而缺乏清晰的了解。为了解决这些问题,我们认为基础模型的许多批判性研究都需要与他们的基本社会技术性质相称。
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最近,很少拍摄的视频分类已经获得了越来越令人利益。目前的方法主要集中在有效利用视频中的时间维度,以在低数据制度下改善学习。然而,大多数作品在很大程度上忽略了视频通常伴随着丰富的文本描述,也可以是处理少量拍摄识别情况的重要信息来源。在本文中,我们建议利用这些人提供的文本描述作为培训几次视频分类模型时的特权信息。具体来说,我们制定了一种基于文本的任务调节器,以使视频功能适应几次拍摄的学习任务。此外,我们的模型遵循转换设置,通过使用支持文本描述和查询实例来更新一组类原型来提高模型的任务适应能力。我们的模型在四个具有挑战性的基准测试中实现了最先进的性能,通常用于评估少量拍摄视频动作分类模型。
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Most natural videos contain numerous events. For example, in a video of a "man playing a piano", the video might also contain "another man dancing" or "a crowd clapping". We introduce the task of dense-captioning events, which involves both detecting and describing events in a video. We propose a new model that is able to identify all events in a single pass of the video while simultaneously describing the detected events with natural language. Our model introduces a variant of an existing proposal module that is designed to capture both short as well as long events that span minutes. To capture the dependencies between the events in a video, our model introduces a new captioning module that uses contextual information from past and future events to jointly describe all events. We also introduce ActivityNet Captions, a large-scale benchmark for dense-captioning events. ActivityNet Captions contains 20k videos amounting to 849 video hours with 100k total descriptions, each with it's unique start and end time. Finally, we report performances of our model for dense-captioning events, video retrieval and localization.
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